The Olympic Games During The Cold War - 1788 Words

The Olympic Games has been a lens through which to scrutinize the world’s political, social, and economic spectacles. It has seen tsarist autocracy, fascism, despotism, and the great associated movements of the political solidity and contrariety of communism and capitalism. During the Cold War, sport was a sphere in which the USSR and the West competed bitterly. Following World War II, the Soviet Union utilized the Olympics to assure the world of its superiority and to prove communism’s stability as a political ideology. Purportedly amateur, sport meant a lot to Soviet authorities, as did awards and gold medals. Athletes often spent most of their time training in world-class facilities, even though they were meant to be factory workers or army officers. From 1950 to 1980, the United States exploited the Games as a platform to undertake a propaganda operation against communism, releasing an abundance of material to promote American ideals. On February 22, 1980, in Lake Placid, New York at the XII Winter Olympics, one unlikely hockey game served as a catalyst for newfound patriotism in America and marked the commencement of a new era in Soviet and American Cold War politics. The tensions between the United States and the U.S.S.R following the 1980 Winter Olympics and the Miracle on Ice represent strong, unwavering surges of nationalism. By analyzing the story of how 20 men and a determined head coach shocked the world- through the words of those present and affected-Show MoreRelatedTo What Extent Were the Moscow Olympic Games of 1980 Affected by Cold War Tensions?1624 Words   |  7 Pagesto analyze extensively the role that Cold War tensions played in the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. The analysis seeks to understand the effect that politics, have on the organization, implementation and eventually success of sporting events such as the Olympics. In order to do so, the analysis will address the events leading up to, during and after the Mosco w Olympic Games of 1980. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 will be addressed to help place the games into perspective. Also, exchanges betweenRead MoreThere Are Many Different Factors That Have Shaped And Contributed1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthat have shaped and contributed to the modern Olympic movements from 1892 to 2002. The original idea of the Olympics was to make an international community not through race but through sports. It was much like the war games that the Greek city-states had. The Greek had formed the games to promote unity throughout Greece. However, as time passed on world events such as women s suffrage movements and war such as the Cold War began to change the Olympics. Other factors such as global marketing and nationalismRead MoreOlympics And The Cold War1657 Words   |  7 PagesJulia Zucker Mr. Pai US History 13 May 2015 1980 Olympics and the Cold War The 1980 Olympics became a predominant point of contention in the on-going Cold War between the two superpowers; the United States and the Soviet Union. Jimmy Carter, the President of the United States, and Leonid Brezhev, head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were at odds and combative towards each other’s political demands. Both leaders were relentless in their pursuit of internal strategic bureaucraticRead MoreAP World History Olympics DBQ1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern Olympic movement has been shaped by many differentiating factors over the years. It has been altered by social, political, and economic factors. More specifically, warring times, changes to social structures, and economic activity that varies by country have been the overall leading factors that have shaped the Olympics over the years. The Olympics have shown over the decades that they can be affected by political conflict. However, it seems that this is the point of the Olympics, to illustrateRead MoreThe Olympic Hockey Game Between The Us And The Ussr1063 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Cold war, tensions were high between the US and the USSR. The two countries always wanted to show that they were the most dominant. One of the ways that the USSR showed dominance was through the Olympics and ice hockey. The hockey game between the US and the USSR during the 1980 Winter Olympics was a turning point in the Cold War. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) was said to be the best of all the teams in Olympic hockey. The 1980 Olympic hockey game between the US and theRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1073 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1970s, the Cold War had quieted down for a bit and there were even negotiations of peace talks. That all changed when the Soviet Union occupied Afghanistan in favor of the communist side while the USA were aiding the anti-communist side. Eventually America pulled out of Afghanistan and went home, but the tension that was there continued through the 1980 Olympic Games. The Soviet Union dominated in the sport of hockey for several years and won gold medals multiple times, but what satisfiedRead MoreHow One Remembers An Event994 Words   |  4 Pagesemotional state of the spectator; the larger socio-political context also has a part to play. The 2014 Sochi Winter Games are no exception to this theory, but a prime example of it. The Sochi games come, at least in this author’s mind as a dud. Yes, women were for the first time allowed to participate in the ski jump, and other athletes fulfilled their Olympic dream, but the Cold War â€Å"magic† was not there. The Western and Russian Media played their share, the United States and Russia are currentlyRead MoreThe Olympic Games: Faster, Higher, Stronger1466 Words   |  6 PagesNations back their athletes financially to ensure they receive a medal. Winning gold in the Olympics Games is seen as the highest honor an athlete can achieve because of its prestigious image. The Olympics have not always been about the athletes. Nations competing have been victims of political scandals. When one country goes against another country, some people do not only view it as a fight for gold, but as a war amongst nations. Soccer fields have become battlegrounds and players, soldiers. SwimmingRead MorePierre de Coubertin and The Modern Olympic Movement Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe structural. (Frey Eitzen 504) OLYMPIC ORIGINS AND IDEALS Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic movement, was born in 1863, into a family of French nobility. (MacAloon 8) Coubertin was raised during an era of French conflict and transition; the Franco-Prussian War, government instability during the time of the Paris Commune and then move to the French Third Republic, as well as the Dreyfus affair, left the French nation in turmoil during his youth. Inevitably, Coubertin’s characterRead MoreMiracle1423 Words   |  6 Pageswinning the 1980 gold metal for the Winter Olympics, led by head coach Herb Brooks. Miracle was fairly accurate with its historic content during the course of the movie. The director Gavin O’Connor did a good job tying in historical and political background that brought the film together, which made it unique to other sport films. In the beginning of the film there was a sequence highlighting the historical events that lead up to the 1980 Winter Olympics. Miracle specifically opened up with the historical

The Humboldt Current Nineteenth Century Exploration And...

Both in the books, The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism and On a Farther Shore the Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson, the authors are trying to prove that the individuals whom they wrote about deserve a place in the ongoing narrative of Environmentalism. Alexander Von Humboldt and Rachel Carson showed how their subjects were led to a life of environmentalism by their passion. Whether it was from a love of the water or a love to explore, both of these individuals were led down a road of environmentalism. Although their accomplishments are completely different, it does not mean that one is more significant than the other. The fact that they had different results can easily be explained by the different times in which these two individuals were alive and active. Humboldt’s journey did not begin until 1799, which was 108 years before Carson was even born. They had different passions, which led to different results, but in t he end, they were both incredibly significant. Aaron Sachs (author of The Humboldt Current) does a great job of describing the incredibly interesting journeys that Humboldt had. From his trip to Venezuela to the United States, and everything in between, Sachs painted a picture of an explorer on a mission to study new land, to discover new things, and to develop ideas about these new areas and pass those ideas on to the rest of the world. Humboldt was more than an explorer, he was truly a scientist.

Houdini free essay sample

MusicThe Melvins Houdini If any of you have ever heard of the Melvins, it is probably because they grew up alongside the fellows who would eventually become Nirvana in Aberdeen, Washington. It is indeed unfortunate that most people wouldnt bother giving this band a moments notice if it werent for their geographic location (they have since relocated to San Francisco) because they have created one of the best albums to come out of any corner of the nation this year. But anyone who is looking for more of what we have come to know as the infamous grunge sound had better look elsewhere. If the sound of a snail wallowing through a swamp of maple syrup were cranked through a stack of Marshall amps, the result would not be terribly different from that of the Melvins. Slower, heavier, much more bass and tons LOUDER than any band out of Seattle, one gets the impression that they would have been more comfortable pounding out this offering in a garage (or maybe a dungeon) than an actual recording studio. We will write a custom essay sample on Houdini or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As far as variety goes, this album doesnt score very well, but each song is brilliant and the Melvins manage to steer clear of the repetitious clichs that make so much of todays heavier music so unlistenable. While I definitely would not recommend this album to someone who prefers shiny, happy MTV anthems, I strongly urge those of you who gravitate toward the louder-is-better music to check out this band. Just keep a healthy supply of aspirin handy. . Review by R. L., Fitchburg, MA

Music Appreciation Final Exam Essay Example

Music Appreciation Final Exam Paper A melodic line that moves by small intervals is called consonant false A second melody played against the first is called a countermelody true In scientific terms, pitch is determined by its frequency true Melody is a concept that occurs only in Western music false The distance between two pitches is called an interval The high point of a melodic line is considered its cadence false The term referring to the overall shape of a melody is contour A succession of single tones or pitches perceived as a unit is called a melody The distance between the highest and lowest tones of a melody is called the range Twinkle Twinkle little star is an example of triple meter false Melodies that move principally by small, connected intervals are conjunct true Beats that are more strongly emphasized than others are said to be accented In triple meter, the strongest pulse occurs on the first beat Meter is marked off in groupings known as measures Meters in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two are known as compound meters Music that moves without a strong sense of a beat or a meter is called nonmetric Organizing patterns of rhythmic pulses are called meters The deliberate shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat is called syncopation The element of music that organizes movement in time is rhythm The first accented beat of a measure is called downbeat A collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order is called scale A combonation of three or more tones that constitutes a single block of harmony is called a chord A combination of tones that is discordant and unstable produces a consonance false An interval spanning eight notes is called an octave The distance and relationship between two tones is refer to as an interval A triad is the most common chord type found n western music, a three note chord, built on alternate scale steps, The first note of the scale is called the tonic A combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution is called a dissonance The principle organization around a central tone is called tonality A triad is a chord made up of three tones true The smallest interval in the Western musical system is the half step A 12 tone scale, including all semitones of the octave is called chromatic The musical symbol # represents a sharp On the piano, the black key between the white keys C and D is called C-sharp or D-flat The triad built on the first note of the scale is called the tonic In harmon, the___is considered a place of rest and return tonic The three basic triads in the Western musical system are the tonic, the dominant, and the subdominant A sharp lowers a musical tone by a half step false A key is a group of related tones with a common center, the tonic, toward which the other tones gravitate True A major scale can begin on any of the twelve semitones of the octave true The element that describes the musical fabric, or the relationship of musical lines within a work, is called texture A texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called monophonic When a melody is combined with an ornamental version of itself, often heard in jazz, the resulting texture is heterophony When two or more independent melodic lines are combined, the resulting texture is called polyphony A texture in which a single voices takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying voices are subordinate is called homophony The texture in which all the voices move in the same rhythm is called homrhythm In imitation, a melodic idea in one voice is restated in another true What quality of a work of art refuses to its structure or shape The basic structural concepts in the element form are repetition and contrast A vocal work in which each poetic stanza is sung to the same melody in strophic form The technique through which performers create music on the spot is known as improvisation The form based on a statement and a departure without a return to the complete opening statement binary A sining style that features a leader who is imitated by a group is called call and response Ternary form is best outlined as A-B-C true The rate of speed at which a piece of music is played is its tempo Music that sounds despairing and sad usually has a ____ tempo slow In what language are tempo marking generally given italian Which of the following tempo markings does NOT indicate a slow tempo presto The degree of loudness or softness, or volume, at which music is played is called dynamics Which of the following dynamic markings markings is the softest pianissimo (pp) The term non lexical refers to a text that consists of nonsense syllables Scat-singing is a common in jazz The language of the Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church through most of history was Latin The setting of one note per syllable is called syllabic The extended melodic line on the word rejoice in Handels Messiah is a melisma The use of a few notes for each syllable is called neumatic The term song technically refers to all music, with out without words False Vocal music must use recognizable words False The vernacular is a common language of the people true The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another is timbre The term timbre refers to the color of a tone A specific area within the range of a voice or instrument, such as high, middle, or low, is called its register The standard ranges of the human voice, from highest to lowest, are soprano, alto, tenor, bass The generally accepted term for the high male vocal range is tenor Instruments that produce sounds by using air s the vibrating means are called aerophones Instruments that produce sounds from a vibrating string are called chordophones How do performers cause idiophones to produce sounds by shaking, scraping, or striking the instrument itself Drum-type instruments fall into the category of membranophones Throughout history, the voice has been a model for instrumentalists and instrument builders True Flutes and whistles are classified as idiophones false The history of Western music begins Which of the following institutions supported Renaissance society the church, the city and state, the aristocratic courts Most of the surviving music from the early Middle Ages is secular false Which of the following does NOT characterize plainchant triadic harmonies A setting of Gregorinan chant with one note or syllable is called syllabic Which of the following women was a religious leader and prominent figure in literature and music Hildegard of Bingen On which liturgical occasion was Hildegards Alleluia, O virgo mediatrix sung a feast day for the Virgin Mary The knowledge of early civilizations and the culture of the Middle Ages were preserved largely in monasteries true The order of church services and the structure of each service are known as liturgy true The earliest type of polyphony was organum The first major center of polyphony was Notee Dame Cathedral in Paris Which of the following does NOT describe Gaude Maria virgo accompaniment with musical instruments Each musical line in Gaude Maria virgo has the same rhythmic activity false Organum was freely composed, with no preexisting basis false The tradition of troubadours and trouveres developed in france Which of the following was NOT a subject reflected in the poems of the troubadours and trouveres the rebirth of classical learning During the 14th century, a style of music developed that became known as the Ars nova The outstanding composer-poet of the Ars nova was Machaut The french courtly love song of the middle ages was called the chanson Troubadours and trouveres were medieval musicians often living on the fringes of society false The expressive device that Renaissance composers used to pictoralize words musically called word-painting Where was the madrigal first developed Italy Madrigals with simpler and more accessible text were especially favored in England Which of the following best described the character of Farmers Fair Phyllis pastoral and light Who invented the printing press Johannes Gutenberg Only professional musicians performed secular music during the Renaissance False The two most important genres of Renaissance secular music were the chanson and the madrigal true Which of the following characterizes humanism thinking centered on human issues and individuality, inspiration from the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, independence from tradition and religion Which genres of vocal music was NOT used in Renaissance church services the chansons What is the cantus firmus a fragment of Gregorian chant or a secular tine used as the foundation of polyphonic mass Which early Renaissance composer exerted a powerful influence on generations of composer who followed Josquin des Prez Josquins Ave Mariavirgo serena is an example of motet The text Ave Mariavirgo serena is in praise of the Virgin Mary The Renaissance motet is a sacred genre with a single Latin text True The Roman Catholic Church service that symbolically reenacts the sacrifice of Christ is the Mass The portion of the Mass that remains in every celebration of the service is called the Ordinary What was the primary language of the Mass Latin Which of the following are the movements of the Ordinary of the Mass Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Angus Dei Which of the following was a leader in the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther After the Protestant Reformation of the early 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people. This was known as: the Counter-Reformation Which of the following does NOT characterize music after the 1600 instrumental music was neglected The approximate dates of the Baroque period are 1600-1750 The Baroque period witnessed a shift in a musical texture to The artificially created male soprano or alto voice that dominated Baroque opera was known as the castrato The term baroque originally meant security and balance fasle A staged drama that is sung is called an opera A highly emotional song in an opera is called an aria the text of an opera is called the libretto Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas was composed for a production at a girls school The aria When I am laid in earth is unified by a ground bass on a descending chromatic scale true Luther believed that music belonged to the congregation In the Lutheran Church, the weekly hymns sung by the congregation were called chorales The expansion of the chorale with new poetry resulted in the cantata During his musical career, Johann Sebastian Bach held the position of cantor of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, court organist and chamber musician to the duke of Weimar, court musician to the price of the Anhalt-Cothen Bachs Cantana NO 140, Wachet auf, has____ movements seven Lutheran believed that professional musicians had no place in the church service false Handels Messiah is an oratorio The stories for oratorios are generally drawn from The Bible Why was lining-out, the practice of call and response singing from the 17th centurial New England developed? most people could not read music, most people could not afford to by a pslam book, the church wanted everyone to participate equally in services William Billings best known publication is The New England Pslam-SInger Interest in Greek and Roman antiquity during the 18th century greatly influenced painting, archiecture, literature Which american president was a leading figure during the classical period Thomas Jefferson The classical period in music ranged from approx 1750-1825 Which of the following composers was NOT a master of the Viennese school Chopin Which of the following best describes the lyrical melodies of the Classical period conjunct, diatonic, and singable The system in which the aristocracy sponsored musicians is called patronage A composer can fragment a theme by dividing it into smaller units called motives In musical compositions, a theme is a musical idea that is used as a building block Which of the following best describes absolute music music without a story or text Which movement is the most highly organized and most characteristic multi movement cycle, usually presented in sonata form first Which of the following is a common characteristic of the second movement of the multi movement cycle lyrical, songful melodies In the classical multi movement cycle, the third movement is usually in ____form minute and trio A rondo is most typically found in the _____ last movement of a classical multi movement cycle last A string quartet consists of 2 violins, viola, cello The form of the slow movement of Haydns String Quartet, OP. 76, NO 3 is: theme and variations Who was Haydns principal patron Prince Esterhazy Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik serenade The three main sections of sonata-allegro form are the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation What is the function of the bridge or transition in sonata-allegro form The climax of sonata-allegro form appear when the tonic returns at the recapitulation A musical setting of the Mass for the dead is called a Requiem Mozarts Requiem was his last work, incomplete at his death The Dies irae text from the Requiem Mass describes Judgement day Which of the following correctly describes the musical forces for Mozarts Requiem winds, brass, strings, timpani, choir, and four soloists The_____ accompanies the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum section of Mozarts Requiem trombone The text of Mozarts Requiem is sung in Latin During the 19th century, the Mass was sung only in church false Mozart died before finishing the Requiem, and one of his students completed the work for him true How did comic opera differ from opera seria it was sung in the vernacular, it presented down to earth plots, it featured ensembles as well as solo singing Mozarts librettist for Don Giovanni was Lorenzo de Ponte Which of the following descriptions characterizes the story of Don Giovanni It mixes elements of opera seria and opera buffa Don Giovanni attempts to console Donna Elvira, who has been betrayed by Don Giovanni himself The catalogue Aria from Mozarts Don Giovanni lists Don Giovannis conquests Comic opera generally was sung in the language of the audience, or the vernacular true Which of the following was NOT a favored sonata instrumentation during the late 18th century piano and trumpet Beethoven suffered from perhaps the most traumatic of all maladies for a musician. What was it? deafness Beethovens Piano Sonata in C sharp minor, OP 27, NO 2, was subtitled Moonlight by The poet Rellstab, shortly after the composers death Beethovens career is often divided into ____ compositional periods three Which composer both maintained and disrupted the balance of the classical style Beethoven With which symphony did Beethoven begin to expand the possibilities of the genre NO 3 The Ode to Joy is the finale of Beethovens Symphony NO 9 Which of the following best describes the opening idea of Beethovens Symphony NO 5 A four note motive Beethoven abondoned Classical principles in composing his symphonies false Beethoven wrote his two symphonies in a style similar to that of Haydn and Mozart True In spite of numerous innovations, Beethovens Symphony NO 5 has the standard four movements of the Classical symphony true Which of the following is identified as the first great creative Romantic Beethoven Which of the following does NOT describe Romanticism The 19th century saw the rise of a new social order shaped by the technological advances of the Industrial Revolution The democratic character of the Romantic moment is illustrated by sympathy for the oppressed, interest in folk culture, faith in human kind and its destiny During the 29th century, concert life began to center of the public concert hall Which of the following does NOT describe orchestra of the 19th century the size of the orchestras decreased, making for more compact ensembles A song whose text is a short lyric poem in German with piano accompaniment is called a Lied Which of the following was NOT a typical theme of Romantic Poetry praise of the virgin mary A song form in which the same melody is repeated for every stanza of text is called strophic A song that is composed from beginning to end without repetition of whole sections is called through composed Schubert and his friends organized evening gatherings or artists, writers, an musicians, called: Schubertiads Which of the musical devices does Shubert use to portray the childs terror in Elfking high range and dissonance Schuberts sing Elfking is a setting of a ballad written by Goethe Which 19th century American composer is best remember for his parlor songs and minstrel show tunes Stephen Foster Which of the following best describes minstrelsy shows that featured performers in blackface The form of Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is strophic Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is based on a poem by Foster himself For the most part, 19th century Americans rejected the music of European culture false Minstrelsy created negative stereotypes of black culture true Foster intended his songs to be performed by professional singers only false Instrumental music endowed with literary, philosophical, or pictorial associations is called program music Which of the following compositions is LEAST likely to be an example of program music String Quartet in B-flat Major Music composed without literary or pictorial meanings is called absolute music Berliozs Symphonie fantastique is an example of an program symphony Which of the following inspired Berliozs Symphonie fantastique the actress Harriet Smithson The Dies Irae is a chant from the Mass for the Dead In the Symphonie fantastique, Berloiz used a recurrent theme that he called the idee fixe, symbolizing the beloved true The finale to the Symphonie fantastique projects a satanic character true The librettist for Wagners music dramas was Wagner himself Wagner chose to base his early opera on medieval German epics Wagners cycle of four music dramas is called The Ring of the Nibelung Wagners total artwork, in which all the arts-music, poetry, drama, visual spectacle are fused together is called the Gesamtkunstwerk In Wagners Ring of the Nibelung, who are the Valkyries the nine daughters of Wotan The artistic trends of the early 20th century can be best characterized as a reaction against Romanticism The center of music publishing in New York was called Tin Pan Alley Which American musician introduced ragtime and early jazz styles to France during WW 1 Scott Joplin The element of melody in 20th century music is best characterized by wide leaps and dissonant intervals Avant-garde artists sought to distinguish themselves from traditional high culture and from mass market tastes true The Depression had little impact on the performing arts false Which of the following describes dissonance It played a large role in 20th century music Which of the following does NOT characterize the musical language of Expressionism extended passages of consonance Music that rejects the framework of key is described as atonal Schoenberg created a new style in which vocal melodies were spoken rather than sung with exact pitches and rhythms. This was known as Sprechstimme Klangfarbenmelodie refers to a style that gives each other note of a melody to a different instrument The melodies in Expressionistic music usually were conjunct false Which of the following music genres developed around the turn of the 20th century and incorporates elements of African music and Western popular and art music jazz Which American city is considered the birthplace of Jazz New Orleans Which instrument did Louis Armstrong play trumpet Louis Armstrongs instrument-like approach to singing is called scat singing Which american jazz composer was a also a pianist and a master of a bid-band orchestration Duke Ellington Bid band swing was the dominant form of American popular music in the 1930s and 1940s true